Understand responsibility, risk and cost handoffs in common commercial terms.
All 11 rules · Official edition source linked below
Selected ruleAny transport mode
FCA
Free Carrier
Export-cleared goods delivered to the buyer's carrier at the named place.
Seller premisesRisk: sellerCost: seller
Export clearanceRisk: sellerCost: seller
Origin deliveryRisk: sellerCost: seller
Main carriageRisk: buyerCost: buyer
Destination arrivalRisk: buyerCost: buyer
Named placeRisk: buyerCost: buyer
UnloadingRisk: buyerCost: buyer
Import clearance
buyer
Required seller insurance
None required
Compared ruleAny transport mode
DAP
Delivered at Place
Goods delivered ready for unloading at the named destination.
Seller premisesRisk: sellerCost: seller
Export clearanceRisk: sellerCost: seller
Origin deliveryRisk: sellerCost: seller
Main carriageRisk: sellerCost: seller
Destination arrivalRisk: sellerCost: seller
Named placeRisk: sellerCost: seller
UnloadingRisk: buyerCost: buyer
Import clearance
buyer
Required seller insurance
None required
Seller responsibilityBuyer responsibility
The named place and contract wording matter. Incoterms allocate delivery tasks, costs and risk; they do not determine ownership, payment, customs classification or every contract obligation.
